ASTM E289-2004(2010) 用干涉测量测试刚性固体的线性热膨胀的标准试验方法

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【英文标准名称】:StandardTestMethodforLinearThermalExpansionofRigidSolidswithInterferometry
【原文标准名称】:用干涉测量测试刚性固体的线性热膨胀的标准试验方法
【标准号】:ASTME289-2004(2010)
【标准状态】:现行
【国别】:美国
【发布日期】:2004
【实施或试行日期】:
【发布单位】:美国材料与试验协会(US-ASTM)
【起草单位】:E37.05
【标准类型】:(TestMethod)
【标准水平】:()
【中文主题词】:
【英文主题词】:coefficientoflinearthermalexpansion;contraction;expansion;Fizeauinterferometer;interferometry;Michelsoninterferometer;Coefficientoflinearthermalexpansion;ComparativeFizeauinterferometers;Contraction;Copper;Expansion;Fizeauinter
【摘要】:Coefficientsoflinearexpansionarerequiredfordesignpurposesandareusedparticularlytodeterminethermalstressesthatcanoccurwhenasolidartifactcomposedofdifferentmaterialsmayfailwhenitissubjectedtoatemperatureexcursion(s).Manynewcompositesarebeingproducedthathaveverylowthermalexpansioncoefficientsforuseinapplicationswhereverypreciseandcriticalalignmentofcomponentsisnecessary.PushroddilatometrysuchasTestMethodsD696,E228,andTMAmethodssuchasTestMethodsE831arenotsufficientlypreciseforreliablemeasurementseitheronsuchmaterialandsystems,oronveryshortspecimensofmaterialshavinghighercoefficients.Theprecisionoftheabsolutemethodallowsforitsuseto:Measureverysmallchangesinlength;Developreferencematerialsandtransferstandardsforcalibrationofotherlessprecisetechniques;Measureandcomparepreciselythedifferencesincoefficientofx201C;matchedx201D;materials.Theprecisemeasurementofthermalexpansioninvolvestwoparameters;changeoflengthandchangeoftemperature.Sinceprecisemeasurementsofthefirstparametercanbemadebythistestmethod,itisessentialthatgreatattentionisalsopaidtothesecond,inordertoensurethatcalculatedexpansioncoefficientsarebasedontherequiredtemperaturedifference.Thusinordertoensurethenecessaryuniformityintemperatureofthespecimen,itisessentialthattheuniformtemperaturezoneofthesurroundingfurnaceorenvironmentalchambershallbemadesignificantlylongerthanthecombinedlengthofspecimenandmirrors.Thistestmethodcontainsessentialdetailsofthedesignprinciples,specimenconfigurations,andprocedurestoprovideprecisevaluesofthermalexpansion.Itisnotpracticalinamethodofthistypetotrytoestablishspecificdetailsofdesign,construction,andprocedurestocoverallcontingenciesthatmightpresentdifficultiestoapersonnothavingthetechnicalknowledgerelatingtothethermalmeasurementsandgeneraltestingpractice.Standardizationofthemethodisnotintendedtorestrictinanywayfurtherdevelopmentofimprovedmethodology.Thetestmethodcanbeusedforresearch,development,specificationacceptanceandqualitycontrolandassurance.1.1ThistestmethodcoversthedeterminationoflinearthermalexpansionofrigidsolidsusingeitheraMichelsonorFizeauinterferometer.1.2Forthispurpose,arigidsolidisdefinedasamaterialwhich,attesttemperatureandunderthestressesimposedbyinstrumentation,hasanegligiblecreep,insofarassignificantlyaffectingtheprecisionofthermallengthchangemeasurements.1.3Itisrecognizedthatmanyrigidsolidsrequiredetailedpreconditioningandspecificthermaltestschedulesforcorrectevaluationoflinearthermalexpansionbehaviorforcertainmaterialapplications.Sinceageneralmethodoftestcannotcoverallspecificrequirements,detailsofthisnatureshouldbediscussedintheparticularmaterialspecifications.1.4Thistestmethodisapplicabletotheapproximatetemperaturerangex2212;150to700x00B0;C.Thetemperaturerangemaybeextendeddependingontheinstrumentationandcalibrationmaterialsused.1.5Theprecisionofmeasurementofthisabsolutemethod(betterthanx00B1;40nm/(m